Melatonin is a hormone produced in the pineal gland and is associated with regulating sleep and wakefulness. Recent studies have shown multiple physiological functions of Melatonin and N-acetylserotonin (NAS) receptor agonists, specifically as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory (1).
In a recent study on rats (2), melatonin treatment was shown to suppress oxidative stress caused by Arsenic exposure. Melatonin suppressed release of inflammatory cytokines, reduced levels of prostaglandins and other oxidative markers, while improving motor activities which were impaired by Arsenic.
Studies have also shown beneficial effects of Melatonin on cell apoptosos and cell differentiation which may have benefits for cancer treatment (3). Results from a study by Koçak N et al suggest that while Melatonin effects were dependent on the concentration and treatment periods, it caused increased cell death and differentiation in specific cancer stem cells while preserving normal healthy stem cells.
Melatonin use has been studied on patients undergoing radiotherapy to reduce side effects and protect normal cells which are often damaged during the treatment (4). It has been shown to neutralise certain free radicals produced by radiation, and plays a key role in protecting normal tissues affected by the radiation therapy.
Another anti-oxidant effect of Melatonin being studied is the mechanisms which assists in preventing liver fibrosis. A study by Wang YR (5) has shown that Melatonin suppressed specific liver fibrosis while identifying signalling pathways of action in a rat model. Melatonin improved liver function and exerted its anti-oxidant effects showing promise to be a possible agent in the treatment and cure of liver fibrosis.
The numerous conditions including liver disease, osteoporosis, and brain injury share common molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, and inflammation. The possibility for Melatonin to be utilized as a therapy shows promise for future clinical trials across multiple body systems and diseases.
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