21 May New treatment approach for allergic asthma
A potential new treatment for asthma that works by targeting the cause of the disease, rather than just masking its symptoms, has been revealed in a study published today in the Journal of Clinical Investigation Insight.
Preclinical findings show how a drug, currently well tolerated in clinical trials for cancer, is able to ‘switch off’ and reverse the uncontrolled inflammation responsible for driving and exacerbating asthma.
The research was led by Dr. Rhys Allan, Dr. Christine Keenan and Professor Stephen Nutt at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, along with collaborators at the University of Newcastle.
One in nine people in Australia have asthma and Melbourne has one of the highest incidences of the disease in the world.
Current asthma medicines such as airway relieving inhalers only serve to ease the symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing. Anti-inflammatory steroids are associated with many side-effects. And recent developments in targeted injectable therapies are very expensive. Furthermore, none of these medicines cure the disease, so new and improved options are urgently needed.
Dr. Keenan said the team’s research could dramatically improve the future of asthma treatment because they had identified a small molecule inhibitor, or drug, that could target the cause of disease, rather than just alleviating the symptoms.
Asthma is a long-term lung condition that currently has no cure. People with asthma react to environmental triggers such as pollen and dust mites. The uncontrolled inflammation associated with this allergic reaction restricts airways, increases mucus and makes it hard to breathe.
Dr. Allan said the researchers, who are experts in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, set out to use their knowledge to target and arrest the cause of uncontrolled inflammation.
Through a series of laboratory studies the researchers showed that the inhibition of Ezh2 could dampen the overreaction by immune T cells that lead to uncontrolled inflammation in the lungs, as well as reverse any established inflammation associated with asthma.
“Interestingly, the Ezh2 inhibitor used in our study is currently in clinical trials for blood cancer,” Dr. Allan said. “Because the drug is already well tolerated in humans, it’s reasonable to expect that the transition from oncology to treatments for inflammation should be smooth. We hope that this study illuminates the way forward for further investigation into a highly targeted and effective medicine for asthma,” he said.
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